Emptera

Methodology

Data provenance & methodology

This page transparently documents which official registers we aggregate across 15 European markets, how often we refresh, how we enrich the data, and where our coverage stops. For citations, journalism and academic use.

Data sources

  • 🇫🇷 France — BODACC (DILA)
    Refresh: per-register: daily to monthly

    The official insolvency register or gazette for this market. Refresh cadence follows the source's own publication schedule.

  • 🇧🇪 Belgium — Kruispuntbank van Ondernemingen (BCE/KBO)
    Refresh: per-register: daily to monthly

    The official insolvency register or gazette for this market. Refresh cadence follows the source's own publication schedule.

  • 🇪🇸 Spain — BORME / Registro Mercantil (BOE)
    Refresh: per-register: daily to monthly

    The official insolvency register or gazette for this market. Refresh cadence follows the source's own publication schedule.

  • 🇮🇪 Ireland — CRO open data (CC BY 4.0)
    Refresh: per-register: daily to monthly

    The official insolvency register or gazette for this market. Refresh cadence follows the source's own publication schedule.

  • 🇸🇰 Slovakia — Register právnických osôb (CC BY 4.0)
    Refresh: per-register: daily to monthly

    The official insolvency register or gazette for this market. Refresh cadence follows the source's own publication schedule.

  • 🇷🇴 Romania — Registrul Comerțului / ONRC (CC BY 4.0)
    Refresh: per-register: daily to monthly

    The official insolvency register or gazette for this market. Refresh cadence follows the source's own publication schedule.

  • 🇭🇷 Croatia — e-Oglasna ploča sudova (stečaj)
    Refresh: per-register: daily to monthly

    The official insolvency register or gazette for this market. Refresh cadence follows the source's own publication schedule.

  • 🇫🇮 Finland — Kaupparekisteri / PRH (konkurssit)
    Refresh: per-register: daily to monthly

    The official insolvency register or gazette for this market. Refresh cadence follows the source's own publication schedule.

  • 🇪🇪 Estonia — Äriregister / RIK (pankrot)
    Refresh: per-register: daily to monthly

    The official insolvency register or gazette for this market. Refresh cadence follows the source's own publication schedule.

  • 🇱🇻 Latvia — Maksātnespējas reģistrs (UR, CC0)
    Refresh: per-register: daily to monthly

    The official insolvency register or gazette for this market. Refresh cadence follows the source's own publication schedule.

  • 🇱🇹 Lithuania — Juridinių asmenų registras (CC BY 4.0)
    Refresh: per-register: daily to monthly

    The official insolvency register or gazette for this market. Refresh cadence follows the source's own publication schedule.

  • 🇳🇴 Norway — Enhetsregisteret / Brønnøysund (konkurs)
    Refresh: per-register: daily to monthly

    The official insolvency register or gazette for this market. Refresh cadence follows the source's own publication schedule.

  • 🇬🇧 United Kingdom — The Gazette / Companies House
    Refresh: per-register: daily to monthly

    The official insolvency register or gazette for this market. Refresh cadence follows the source's own publication schedule.

  • 🇨🇭 Switzerland — SHAB / SOGC (Konkurspublikationen)
    Refresh: per-register: daily to monthly

    The official insolvency register or gazette for this market. Refresh cadence follows the source's own publication schedule.

  • Public web signals
    Refresh: on-demand per case

    Wayback Machine, Trustpilot, WHOIS, Google News RSS. Used for distress detection and reputation indicators.

  • AI enrichment (Anthropic Claude, OpenAI)
    Refresh: on-demand per case

    Deep summary, inferred sector, revenue band, Deal Playbook generation. Clearly labelled as AI-generated.

What we do NOT promise

  • ·Completeness at the small end: very small proceedings that the source register does not carry as a separate record are not captured; each country sets its own publication threshold.
  • ·Freshness: refresh cadence follows each source — from daily feeds (e.g. Finland, Norway) to monthly bulk extracts (e.g. Romania).
  • ·Causality of distress signals: Wayback decay or Trustpilot ratings are correlations, not proof of payment difficulty.
  • ·Geographic coverage: this edition covers 14 European markets outside Germany (see the source list above); German proceedings may appear in aggregate statistics, but a German company's canonical page lives on our sibling site uebernahmeradar.de.
  • ·Natural persons: legal forms where the company IS a natural person (sole traders and similar) are excluded at import — see the privacy notice.
  • ·AI-generated content: deep summaries and Deal Playbooks are LLM outputs. Use as supplement, not as legal advice.

Data license

Statistics and aggregated data points on https://emptera.com/succession are available under CC-BY 4.0. Citation format: 'Emptera, accessed [date], https://emptera.com/succession'. Each underlying register keeps its own reuse licence — see /data-notes above and the privacy notice for details per market.

Questions about the methodology?

Journalists, researchers and specialist lawyers: please contact [email protected] directly. We respond to questions about data provenance, sample sizes and reproducibility.

[email protected] ↗
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